Some adults were observed by fredrick to complete egg deposition in eight days, and others deposited eggs over. Crapemyrtle bark scale, acanthococcus eriococcus lagerstroemiae kuwana hemiptera. In pakistan, the parasitism ranged between 79 and 93 % in pesticidesfree cotton fields, whereas the. Import requirements for fig fruit from mexico irradiated in. The synthesis was readily adapted to production of both enantiomers of the pheromone via lipasecatalyzed kinetic resolution of an intermediate in the synthesis. Nipaecoccus viridis has never been found in the bahamas and mexico nor has it been found anywhere in the new world. This pest was first found in florida near davie, broward county in may 1942, by state plant board grove inspectors, and is now well established in south florida. Besides these two mealybugs, nipaecoccus viridis newstead, maconellicoccus hirsutus. Electronic copies online issn 194254, cdrom issn 194262 in pdf format. A concise synthesis of the racemic form of the femaleproduced pheromone of the grape mealybug was developed. Nipaecoccus viridis has a large natural enemy complex of more than 77 species of parasitoids and predators sharaf and meyerdirk, 1987. Florida department of agriculture and consumer services. Biological control of lebbeck mealybug free of maconellicoccus hirsutus and nipaecoccus viridis. Host plants and natural enemies of mealybugs and other related homopterans, with special reference to the spherical mealybug nipaecoccus viridis newstead, in jordan.
Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Nipaecoccus filamentosus is restricted to a few islands in the caribbean, whereas n. Pdf functional and numerical responses of nephus arcuatus. Arrangements must be made in advance with an aphis ppq certified treatment facility to ensure that each of your consignments receives the appropriate treatment. Bendov 1994 provides a complete, annotated list of the synonyms and names used for this. To finalize your registration, please select a crop. Biocontrol cases in egypt the lebbeck mealybug was particularly destructive to the lebbeck tree, albizia lebbeck, although other species of ornamental plants are attacked. Eriococcidae, is a newly introduced insect pest on crapemyrtles, lagerstroemia spp. Some adults were observed by fredrick to complete egg deposition in eight days, and others deposited eggs over a 42day period. It also dispersed by natural means up to 61 km following the original release and colonized that same year on.
Biological control of lebbeck mealybug nipaecoccus virdis maskell pseudococcidae also named nipaecoccus vastator maskell contactsgo to all. Encyrtidae, has been recently introduced into the caribbean as a biological control agent against. They are often found between touching fruit, under the calyx or in the navels of oranges, producing honeydew on which sooty mould can grow. Management strategies of mealybug pests of citrus in mediterranean.
The prominent crops and their insect pests are compiled in table 1. Printed cd or dvd mailed to all members at end of year. Nipaecoccus viridis florida department of agriculture. Read and understand daff work plans for each market 2.
Importation, colonization and establishment of anagyrus. In this study, the functional and numerical responses of nephus arcuatus kapur, one of the most important predators of nipaecoccus viridis newstead, were investigated. We are proposing to amend the regulations to allow the importation of fresh mango fruit from vietnam into the continental united states. Coconut mealybug nipaecoccus nipae maskell insecta. Pseudococcidae, a major pest of agave sisalana in china. Pdf the parasitoid, anagyrus kamali moursi hymenoptera. Hundred and sixty years of australian lady bird beetle. As a condition of entry, fresh pomegranate fruit from turkey would have to be produced in accordance with. The artificial infestation of cotton, citrus, jute, jack fruit artocarpus heterophyllus and bhant clerodendrum infortunatum apparently the original wild foodplant of the pest in west bengal, india with nipaecoccus vastator resulted, in general, in arrestment of linear growth of the stems and petioles and great reduction and crumpling of the leaves. The following list is about hemipterans recorded in sri lanka. Insecta natural enemy anxgyrus nipaecoccus viridis phenacoccus solenopsis planococcoides njalensis planococcus citri rastrococcus iceryoides. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. Nipaecoccus nipae notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page there are apparently two forms of nipaecoccus nipae, one with white wax and the other with yellow wax, which have often been named n. Lythraceae, one of the most popular flowering shrubs in the u.
Pseudococcidae that might be collected from citrus rutaceae in australia. Organism names see more details, pseudococcidae pseudococcidae subject category. Federal register importation of fresh pomegranate fruit. Ovisac of female mealybug, nipaecoccus viridis, opened revealing pink eggs. This study reports the predatory efficacy and functional response of c. Usdaaphis fruits and vegetables import requirements favir. The article goes on to say that the lebbeck mealybug is approximately 4 millimeters mm long by 3 mm wide with body color black, purple to bluegreen and covered by thick white, creamy, or pale yellow wax. In hawaii, introduction of the encyrtid wasp, anagyrus dactylopii. Ang nipaecoccus viridis sakop sa kahenera nga nipaecoccus sa kabanay nga pseudococcidae. If ants are present at the mealybug hot spots, they must be destroyed. Biological and pathogens nagpur biological diversity central zone whereas in non bt hs6. Dacsp00124 volume 49, number 1, january february 2010 printerfriendly pdf version. Consignments must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the national plant protection organization nppo of mexico with an additional declaration stating the fruit in the consignment was inspected and found free of.
Sri lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of india. This information is important for foreign quarantine inspections because mealybugs intercepted on australian citrus exports are often nymphs. Fdacs dpi triology volume 49, number 1, january february. Coccus viridis is a soft scale insect in the family coccidae with a wide host range. Feeding by the african mealybugs, nipaecoccus viridis newstead hemiptera. General information about nipaecoccus viridis nipavi eppo global database.
Nipaecoccus viridis lebbeck mealybug florida department of. The fruit in this consignment was inspected and found free of maconellicoccus hirsutus and nipaecoccus viridis. Jul 04, 2000 an identification guide is provided to most of the immature stages of six mealybug species hemiptera. This list has the insects that regularly damage crops grown in indian agricultural farms such as cereals rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, etc. Mealybug feeding can also result in red spots on the rind if the weather turns cold before harvest and sooty mold residues can be a. Nipaecoccus viridis newstead, a new exotic mealybug in. There has been considerable confusion about the true identities of nipaecoccus viridis and n.
Valid names results nipaecoccus viridis newstead, 1894 pseudococcidae. There are about two million species of arthropods found in the world, and still is counting. The green scale, coccus viridis green, an insect pest of citrus and other plants, is found outofdoors and in greenhouses in florida. Pest alert, florida department of agriculture and consumer services, division of plant industry, dacsp01716. A key and a table, based on microscopic features, allow.
The likelihood and consequences of introduction of the. Effect of infestation of nipaecoccus vastator maskell on. Federal register importation of fresh mango fruit from. Nipaecoccus viridis is widerspread throughout the tropics and subtropics, attacking numerous plant species and often causing considerable damage clausen, 1978. Coccidae 2 life history and habits green scale is parthenogenetic and oviparous fredrick 1943. Organism names see more details, nipaecoccus viridis nipaecoccus viridis subject category. Mar 30, 2020 pdf the parasitoid, anagyrus kamali moursi hymenoptera.
The several names are due to the wide host range of this pest, but coconut mealybug is the most widely used common name. Synthesis and bioassay of racemic and chiral trans. For many years, the name nipaecoccus vastator maskell was commonly used for this mealybug. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. We are proposing to amend the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow the importation of commercial consignments into the continental united states of fresh pomegranate fruit from turkey. As a condition of entry, fresh mango fruit from vietnam would be subject to a systems approach that would include orchard requirements, irradiation treatment. Aug 12, 2019 amblyseiussystem becomes more ecofriendly. The coconut mealybug, nipaecoccus nipae maskell, is also called the spiked mealybug, nipa mealybug, avocado mealybug, sugarapple mealybug or kentia mealybug. Scale insects, edition 2, a tool for the identification of.
Mealybugs family pseudococcidae are ovalshaped, segmented, softbodied insects covered with white, mealy wax. Nipaecoccus viridis newstead, a new exotic mealybug in south florida coccoidea. Australian citrus to korea, china and thailand 4 overview of requirements 1. Coccinellidae is an important predator of the mealybug dysmicoccus neobrevipes hemiptera. Nipaecoccus viridis newstead, a new exotic mealybug in south florida. Nipaecoccus viridis newstead, lebbeck mealybug, coccoidea. Nipaecoccus viridis maconellicoccus hirsutus its bgii counterpart ganganagar ageti recorded. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. These conditions are designed to prevent the introduction of the following quarantine pests. Losses in citrus orchards are due firstly to fruit drop caused by large infestations of mealybugs. Espesye sa insekto nga una nga gihulagway ni robert newstead ni adtong 1894 ang nipaecoccus viridis. Consignments must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the national plant protection organization nppo of mexico with an additional declaration stating the fruit in the consignment was inspected and found free of maconellicoccus hirsutus and nipaecoccus viridis. Pseudococcidae1 adriana espinosa, amanda hodges, greg hodges, and catharine mannion2 1. Nipaecoccus viridis nipavioverview eppo global database.
It is commonly known as green scale or sometimes coffee green scale because it is a major pest of coffee crops throughout the world. Replicated field trials revealed that, contrary to a preliminary report, the r,r rather than the s,senantiomer is the. Annual report 14 part ii central institute for cotton. Miscellaneous publication of the entomological society of america 66. This document is eeny448, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page nipaecoccus viridis was first described by newstead 1894, as dactylopius viridis, from material collected in india.
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